[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-113-1-fire-science-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-113-1-火災學概要-038","fire-113-1-fire-science-038",113,1,38,"惰性氣體滅火藥劑 IG541 的組成分不包括下列何者？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"氮氣","氦氣","二氧化碳","氬氣","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：惰性氣體滅火藥劑 IG 系列之代號與組成配比辨識，尤其是 IG-541 的三種氣體比例。\n【正解理由】IG 系列惰性氣體滅火藥劑以自然界大氣中原本即存在的氣體調配而成，靠稀釋防護區劃內的氧濃度使燃燒無法維持而滅火。其中 IG-541 由氮氣約 52％、氬氣約 40％、二氧化碳約 8％ 混合組成，代號中的 5、4、1 即依序對應氮、氬、二氧化碳取整後的近似比例。氦氣雖同為惰性的稀有氣體，卻未列入 IG-541 的配方，故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 氮氣是 IG-541 佔比最高的成分，約 52％，屬其組成分。\n(B) 氦氣未列入 IG-541 之配方，是四個選項中唯一不屬於其組成者。\n(C) 二氧化碳約佔 8％，加入的用意在於低氧環境下刺激人體呼吸中樞，屬其組成分。\n(D) 氬氣約佔 40％，是 IG-541 中僅次於氮氣的成分。\n【記憶點】IG-541 讀作五四一，就是氮五二、氬四十、碳八；IG-100 純氮、IG-01 純氬、IG-55 氮氬各半，四種配方都不含氦氣。","IG 系列惰性氣體滅火藥劑，是海龍滅火藥劑因破壞臭氧層而受蒙特婁議定書管制後所發展的替代品。其成分全部取自大氣中原有的氣體，臭氧層破壞潛勢為零，溫室效應潛勢與大氣殘留時間都極低，放射後不留殘漬也不導電，適合電信機械室、電腦室等怕汙損的場所。\n四種代號的組成要一起記：IG-01 為純氬氣，IG-100 為純氮氣，IG-55 為氮氣與氬氣各半，IG-541 則是氮氣約 52％、氬氣約 40％、二氧化碳約 8％。代號數字的順序即氮、氬、二氧化碳的比例，掌握這個規則就不必逐一死背。\n滅火機制與二氧化碳滅火設備不同：IG 系列靠物理稀釋，把防護區劃內的氧濃度由約 21％ 降到約 12％ 至 14％，使燃燒無法維持，藥劑本身無毒；配方中加入少量二氧化碳，是因為二氧化碳能刺激人體呼吸中樞使呼吸加深加快，在低氧環境下維持血氧輸送，屬安全性設計。相對地，純二氧化碳滅火設備靠窒息與冷卻滅火，放射濃度對人員具致命風險，因此《各類場所消防安全設備設置標準》第 18 條應設場所表附註第五點明定，平時有特定或不特定人員使用之中央管理室、防災中心等類似處所，不得設置二氧化碳滅火設備。\n延伸考點：同標準第 8 條把二氧化碳滅火設備、惰性氣體滅火設備、鹵化烴滅火設備分列為三種不同的滅火設備種類。惰性氣體與鹵化烴雖同屬海龍滅火藥劑的替代品，滅火機制卻分屬兩路：前者是物理性的稀釋氧濃度，後者以化學抑制自由基為主，這也是兩者設計濃度差距甚大的原因。命題常在代號、組成比例與可否用於有人場所之間互相調換，答題時先認代號、再對組成，最後才看場所條件。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-037","主成分為碳酸氫鉀的乾粉滅火藥劑不適用下列何種火災？",37,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-039","有關於液化石油氣之性質與事故發生之處置原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？",39,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-036","依美國防火協會（NFPA）危險物品標示規定，黃色代表何種危險性？",36,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-040","有關複燃之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",40,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-035","某鑄造工廠因高溫鋁水洩漏，遇水引發爆炸，此為何種爆炸？",35,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":12,"year":51,"session":12},"fire-114-1-fire-science-001","火場中輻射為熱傳遞主要的方式之一，輻射熱之性質及其計算的方式下列何者錯誤？",114,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-038",112,"當外部風的風向不變而風速加倍時，對處於煙囪效應下的大樓而言，下列敘述何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-038",111,"在長 10 m、寬 8 m、高 3 m 的居室燃燒 1 kg 的乳膠枕頭，其 Dm=0.65 m2\u002Fg，估算此火場出口標示燈能見度？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-038",110,"常見泡沫滅火藥劑含有界面活性劑成分，請問下列何者不是泡沫滅火藥劑滅火時界面活性劑的主要作用？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-038",109,"在橡膠中混入碳黑所製成的產品可防止人體帶靜電，其防止靜電發生的方法為？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-038",108,"可燃物不藉由火焰或電器火花引起燃燒，在大氣中僅因受熱而引發燃燒的最低溫度稱為：",1785129966395]