[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-113-1-fire-science-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-113-1-火災學概要-036","fire-113-1-fire-science-036",113,1,36,"依美國防火協會（NFPA）危險物品標示規定，黃色代表何種危險性？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"有害健康性","反應性","禁水性","燃燒性","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：美國防火協會 NFPA 704 危險物品標示菱形四色所代表的危害類別。\n【正解理由】依 NFPA 704 之標示規定，菱形標示牌四個區塊的方位與顏色固定：左側藍色表示健康危害，上方紅色表示易燃性，右側黃色表示不安定性亦即反應性，下方白色表示特殊危害。前三者各以零至四級表示危害程度。黃色區塊所對應者即反應性，故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 有害健康性屬藍色區塊，位於菱形左側，用以表示接觸、吸入或食入該物質對人體的危害等級。\n(B) 反應性敘述相符，為應選項，即黃色區塊所表示的不安定性，等級越高代表越容易自行分解、聚合或與水劇烈反應。\n(C) 禁水性並非以黃色表示，而是登載於下方的白色特殊危害區塊，以加上斜線的字母 W 表示禁水；該區塊不分級，僅以符號呈現。\n(D) 燃燒性屬紅色區塊，位於菱形上方，依物質的閃火點與沸點區分等級，閃火點與沸點越低者級數越高。\n【記憶點】藍健康、紅燃燒、黃反應、白特殊，四色各據一角，前三色皆為零到四級由輕而重。","NFPA 704 的標準名稱為緊急應變用的火災危害物質識別系統，設計目的是讓到場人員在極短時間內判讀現場物質的危害輪廓，因此採用高辨識度的菱形與固定方位配色，而非文字敘述。四個區塊的方位是固定的，左藍、上紅、右黃、下白，即使標示牌褪色或字跡不清，也能單靠位置判讀類別，這是這套系統最重要的設計思想。標示牌多設於建築物出入口、儲槽外壁或容器外部等到場人員最先看見的位置，使人員在接近之前即可完成初步的危害評估。\n\n各區塊的分級各有依據。紅色易燃性主要看閃火點與沸點，閃火點極低且沸點也低者列為最高的四級，閃火點很高而需相當預熱才會燃燒者列為一級，不燃者為零級。藍色健康危害依短時間暴露所受傷害的程度分級，四級代表極短時間暴露即可能致命。黃色不安定性依物質自行分解、聚合或受衝擊、受熱而爆炸的傾向分級，四級代表在常溫常壓下即可能爆轟。白色特殊危害欄不分級，只登載符號，最常見者為加斜線的 W 表示禁水，另有 OX 表示氧化性物質等符號。\n\n易混淆概念對照：NFPA 704 是供緊急應變人員在現場快速判讀的系統，與化學品全球分類及標示調和制度的圖式用途不同，後者以九種圖式配合警示語與危害警告訊息，用於容器標示與安全資料表；我國公共危險物品的六類分類則屬管制用的分類，關注的是種類、分級與管制量。三套系統邏輯不同，不可互相套用。\n\n相關考點延伸：本題型除了問配色，也常問某一顏色的最高級數代表何種情境，或給定物質要求判斷各欄級數，記憶策略是先把四色方位背熟，再各記一個典型的四級物質。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-035","某鑄造工廠因高溫鋁水洩漏，遇水引發爆炸，此為何種爆炸？",35,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-037","主成分為碳酸氫鉀的乾粉滅火藥劑不適用下列何種火災？",37,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-034","有關熱傳導的敘述，下列何者正確？",34,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-038","惰性氣體滅火藥劑 IG541 的組成分不包括下列何者？",38,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-033","對於金屬鈉的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",33,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-039","有關於液化石油氣之性質與事故發生之處置原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？",39,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-036",112,"下列那一種措施有助於提高粉塵爆炸的防護作用以增加其安全性？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036",111,"下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-036",110,"為防止靜電發生放電時引火造成火災，請問下列有關靜電災害之防止對策何者錯誤？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-036",109,"房間的體積為 V=6 m×5 m×3 m，其中 O2 占 0.21 V，請問至少要加入多少公升（L）的 CO2 讓燃燒作用無法持續？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-036",108,"下列何者不是 IG-541 氣體滅火藥劑的成分？",1785129966384]