[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-113-1-fire-science-035":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-113-1-火災學概要-035","fire-113-1-fire-science-035",113,1,35,"某鑄造工廠因高溫鋁水洩漏，遇水引發爆炸，此為何種爆炸？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"分解爆炸","沸騰液體膨脹蒸氣爆炸（BLEVE）","金屬粉塵爆炸","水蒸氣爆炸","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：熔融金屬遇水所生爆炸的型態辨識，屬物理性爆炸中的水蒸氣爆炸。\n【正解理由】高溫鋁水的溫度遠高於水的沸點，洩漏後與水接觸時，水在極短時間內吸收大量熱而急速氣化，體積約膨脹一千七百倍，周圍空間來不及洩壓即形成壓力波並將熔融物噴濺四散。此過程只有水的相變化，並未發生燃燒、分解等化學反應，屬物理性爆炸中的水蒸氣爆炸，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 分解爆炸指乙炔、過氧化物、疊氮化物等物質自身分解放熱而爆炸，屬化學性爆炸，本題情境並無會發生分解反應的物質。\n(B) 沸騰液體膨脹蒸氣爆炸以受壓容器內的液化氣體受外部火焰加熱、容器強度下降而破裂、過熱液體瞬間閃蒸為要件，本題並無承壓容器破裂的情節。\n(C) 金屬粉塵爆炸須為鋁粉等粉體懸浮於空氣中達爆炸下限並遇點火源，屬化學性爆炸，本題為熔融態的鋁水而非粉體，形態不符。\n(D) 水蒸氣爆炸敘述相符，為應選項。\n【記憶點】高溫熔融物遇水，是水被瞬間汽化撐爆，屬物理性爆炸，與粉塵爆炸的化學反應不同。","爆炸依能量來源可分為物理性與化學性兩大類。物理性爆炸不改變物質的化學組成，能量來自壓力的急遽釋放，典型例子有鍋爐爆炸、高壓氣體容器破裂、沸騰液體膨脹蒸氣爆炸與水蒸氣爆炸；化學性爆炸則伴隨氧化、分解或聚合反應，包括氣體爆炸、粉塵爆炸、分解爆炸與爆炸性物質的爆轟。辨識題型時，先問有沒有化學反應，即可把範圍砍半。\n\n水蒸氣爆炸的物理基礎在於水的汽化潛熱與體積膨脹比。一大氣壓下水的汽化潛熱約為每公斤二千二百六十千焦，一公升的水完全汽化後，在攝氏一百度時體積約為原來的一千七百倍。熔融金屬的溫度動輒攝氏六百度以上，遠高於水的自發成核溫度，接觸瞬間形成的蒸氣膜隨即破裂，使水與熔體直接接觸而觸發爆發性沸騰，文獻上稱為熔融物與冷卻劑的交互作用。鑄造工廠、煉鋼廠的鋼液或鋁水遇到潮濕模具、積水地坑而爆炸，即屬此類；由於全程在極短時間內完成，其破壞力常被低估。此類爆炸並不限於金屬熔體，低溫液化氣體洩漏至水面、高溫爐渣落入積水處等情形，同樣可能因水或液體的瞬間汽化而發生。\n\n易混淆概念對照：粉塵爆炸的要件是可燃粉體、懸浮濃度達爆炸範圍、相對密閉的空間、點火源與助燃氧氣，鋁粉確實是典型的可燃粉塵，但必須呈粉體狀態，題幹的鋁水並不符合；沸騰液體膨脹蒸氣爆炸雖同樣涉及過熱液體閃蒸，關鍵要件卻是承壓容器破裂，若內容物可燃還會續生火球，與熔融金屬遇水的情境明顯不同。\n\n相關考點延伸：本科常以工廠事故情境要求辨識爆炸類型，判別順序可固定為有無化學反應、有無承壓容器、物質是粉體還是熔體這三問。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-034","有關熱傳導的敘述，下列何者正確？",34,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-036","依美國防火協會（NFPA）危險物品標示規定，黃色代表何種危險性？",36,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-033","對於金屬鈉的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",33,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-037","主成分為碳酸氫鉀的乾粉滅火藥劑不適用下列何種火災？",37,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-032","可燃物在大氣中僅因受熱致使溫度升高而引發燃燒的最低溫度稱為：",32,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-038","惰性氣體滅火藥劑 IG541 的組成分不包括下列何者？",38,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-035",112,"相較於氣體爆炸，一般的粉塵爆炸具有下列那種性質？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-035",111,"下列何者為乾粉最主要滅火原理？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-035",110,"面對廚房油鍋起火燃燒，下列何項應對動作的風險最大？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-035",109,"有關引火性液體的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-035",108,"為避免液化石油氣儲槽因外圍起火燃燒，一時無法撲滅而發生 BLEVE 現象，可採取之防救策略下列何者正確？",1785129966380]