[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-113-1-fire-science-025":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-113-1-火災學概要-025","fire-113-1-fire-science-025",113,1,25,"容器內氣體受到壓縮造成內部溫度升高，進而發火，此現象稱為？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"高壓分解","斷熱壓縮","分解發熱","壓縮分解","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：氣體因受壓縮而升溫致發火的物理性發火機制名稱。\n【正解理由】依熱力學第一定律，系統內能的變化等於吸收的熱量減去對外所作的功。氣體被急速壓縮時來不及與外界交換熱量，過程接近斷熱，外界對氣體所作的功幾乎全部轉為內能，溫度因而上升，若升至該氣體或其中混雜油氣的發火溫度即自行發火，此現象稱為斷熱壓縮。柴油引擎不用火星塞，而是靠壓縮使缸內空氣升溫以點燃噴入的燃料，即為同一原理。故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 高壓分解並非本現象的正式名稱，該詞語意指在高壓下促使物質分解，而題述的溫升來自外界對氣體作功，並非分解反應。\n(B) 斷熱壓縮指氣體在不與外界交換熱量的情況下被壓縮而升溫，正是題述容器內氣體受壓縮致內部溫度升高而發火的現象，為正解。\n(C) 分解發熱是自然發火分類中的化學性熱源，指物質自身分解而放熱，如硝化纖維與有機過氧化物，與外力壓縮無關。\n(D) 壓縮分解並非既有的專有名詞，且同樣把成因誤指為分解反應，而非壓縮作功造成的溫升。\n【記憶點】壓縮升溫又來不及散熱，就是斷熱壓縮。","斷熱壓縮的定量依據是理想氣體的斷熱過程關係式，壓力與體積的 γ 次方乘積為定值，改寫為溫度形式即 T₂／T₁＝(P₂／P₁)^((γ－1)／γ)，其中 γ 為定壓比熱與定容比熱之比，空氣約為 1.4，指數約 0.286。以 27℃ 的空氣自一大氣壓急速壓縮至十大氣壓為例，T₂＝300 K×10^0.286≈579 K，約 306℃，已足以引燃油霧或潤滑油蒸氣。壓縮愈急速、壓縮比愈大則溫升愈高；若壓縮緩慢而熱量得以散出，過程接近等溫，溫升就相當有限。\n發火源的分類是本科常考的架構。物理性熱源包括斷熱壓縮、摩擦熱、衝擊火花、電氣火花與靜電放電；化學性熱源即自然發火的五類：氧化熱如乾性油、油布與金屬粉，分解熱如硝化纖維與有機過氧化物，吸著熱如活性碳與木炭粉，聚合熱如苯乙烯等單體，發酵熱如堆肥與廢棄物堆積。題目常以物質名稱反問屬於何種發熱型態，宜整組記憶。\n易混淆對照：斷熱壓縮是物理過程，分解發熱是化學過程；前者的能量來自外界作功，後者來自分子本身鍵能的釋放，兩者的抑制方向也不同。另一個相近的題型是高壓氣體容器閥件急速開啟時，下游管路內的氣體被瞬間壓縮而升溫，若管內殘留油脂即可能起火，這正是氧氣系統嚴禁沾附油脂的理由，也是斷熱壓縮在氣體處理場所的典型情境。與斷熱壓縮同屬物理性熱源的靜電放電也常一併命題，其判準是放電能量須大於該混合氣的最小著火能量才會引燃，甲烷約為 0.28 mJ、氫約為 0.02 mJ，數值愈小者愈容易被微弱火花引燃。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-024","木材加熱到引火溫度時，可燃性氣體析出量迅速增加，木材的引火溫度約為多少℃？",24,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-026","有關燃燒上下限之敘述，下列何者正確？",26,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-023","根據 Burgess-Wheeler 定理，若丙烷的燃燒下限為 2.2%，其燃燒熱約為多少 kcal\u002Fmole？",23,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-027","火災發生後至閃燃發生的時間稱為閃燃時間（F.O.T.），影響閃燃時間的重要因素，下列何者錯誤？",27,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-022","一物體在 27℃時輻射出的能量為 E，則當溫度升高到 627℃時輻射出的能量變為多少？",22,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-113-1-fire-science-028","關於火場中生成的 CO 對人體的危害，下列敘述何者正確？",28,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-025",112,"對可燃性氣體而言，下列那一種特性或條件所衍生的燃燒或爆炸風險相對較高？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-025",111,"近來消防機關大力推行安裝住宅用火災警報器，其安裝位置在天花板或牆壁上緣，主要考量因素為何？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-025",110,"請依據可燃性氣體完全燃燒時的化學理論濃度，計算丙烷的燃燒下限？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-025",109,"有關火羽流的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-025",108,"木材受熱分解進而燃燒的過程中，當加熱到引火溫度時，可燃性氣體釋出量迅速增加，試問木材的引火溫度約為多少℃？",1785129966322]