[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-112-1-fire-science-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-112-1-火災學概要-034","fire-112-1-fire-science-034",112,1,34,"對於具有分解爆炸性質的可燃性氣體，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"分解爆炸大多發生於高壓狀態下","在界限壓力之上，分解爆炸下限隨壓力升高而下降","分解爆炸界限與其燃燒界限一致","分解爆炸可能因聚合升溫而觸發，未必需由氧氣啟動","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：分解爆炸的成立條件，要與一般氧化型燃燒的爆炸界限區辨，題目問錯誤敘述。\n【正解理由】依分解爆炸的定義，乙炔、環氧乙烷、聯胺等具分解爆炸性的氣體，其分子分解本身即為放熱反應，不需要氧氣參與便能自行傳播反應波。因此分解爆炸所對應的濃度與壓力界限自成一套，與該氣體在空氣中氧化所量得的燃燒界限並不相同，分解爆炸甚至可延伸到不含空氣的純氣體狀態。故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 分解爆炸須壓力達到界限壓力以上，反應波才易於傳播，實際案例大多發生於高壓狀態，敘述正確。\n(B) 在界限壓力之上，壓力升高使分子密度與反應熱累積增加，反應更易自持，分解爆炸下限隨壓力升高而下降，敘述正確。\n(C) 把分解爆炸界限說成與燃燒界限一致並不正確，兩者的反應機制、所需氧化劑與界限範圍都不同，為本題應選項。\n(D) 分解爆炸可由聚合等放熱反應造成局部升溫而觸發，反應不以氧氣為必要條件，敘述正確。\n【記憶點】分解爆炸不需要氧，界限自成一套，別把它跟空氣中的燃燒界限畫上等號。","爆炸依成因先分為物理性爆炸與化學性爆炸。物理性爆炸如鍋爐破裂、沸騰液體膨脹蒸氣爆炸，沒有化學反應；化學性爆炸再細分為氧化爆炸、分解爆炸、聚合爆炸與粉塵爆炸。氧化爆炸就是一般所說的可燃氣體爆炸，必須有可燃物與氧化劑在燃燒界限之內；分解爆炸則只需可燃物本身，分子在受熱、受壓或受衝擊後分解並放出熱量，反應熱足以維持分解波前進。\n具分解爆炸性的代表物質包括乙炔、環氧乙烷、聯胺、臭氧、過氧化物、疊氮化物與部分不飽和烴。乙炔最常入題：其分解反應生成碳與氫並放出大量反應熱，因此在無空氣的純乙炔管線或鋼瓶中，只要壓力超過界限壓力並有起始能量，即可能發生分解爆炸；文獻多以零點二百萬帕量級作為乙炔分解爆炸的界限壓力，這也是乙炔不得以高壓單純壓縮儲存、而須溶於丙酮並填充多孔性物質的原因。環氧乙烷則兼具分解爆炸性與聚合放熱特性，儲槽超溫時可能先聚合升溫、再引發分解爆炸。\n界限壓力與分解爆炸下限的關係可以這樣記：低於界限壓力時，分解放出的熱來不及維持反應波而自行熄滅；高於界限壓力後，壓力越高、分子密度越大、散熱相對越小，可引發分解爆炸的最低濃度隨之下降，也就是下限隨壓力升高而降低。\n易混淆處在於「分解爆炸界限」與「燃燒界限」的重疊與差異：乙炔在空氣中的燃燒界限一般記為百分之二點五至百分之百，其上限之所以看起來達到百分之百，正是因為純乙炔本身即可分解爆炸，兩套界限的成因不同、不可互相取代。本考點常延伸考爆炸種類的分類、爆轟與爆燃的傳播速度差異，以及乙炔容器的儲存原理。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-033","當防火門兩側的壓力差加倍時，其透過門縫所流出的氣體體積流率有何變化？",33,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-035","相較於氣體爆炸，一般的粉塵爆炸具有下列那種性質？",35,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-032","將大塊的木頭切碎為小片的木屑時，下列敘述何者錯誤？",32,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-036","下列那一種措施有助於提高粉塵爆炸的防護作用以增加其安全性？",36,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-031","在長寬高為10×10×4 公尺的密閉空間中以高壓式二氧化碳作為滅火防護設備。若欲將空間中的氧氣濃度降至 15%以下以達到鈍化效果，至少應加入多少立方公尺的二氧化碳？",31,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-037","升高環境溫度對於環氧乙烷的分解爆炸有何影響？",37,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-034",113,"有關熱傳導的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-034",111,"下列何者非細水霧滅火系統的特性？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-034",110,"液體變化為氣體之物理現象中，若變化速度至為急速時，因能量在極短的時間內大量放出，即形成爆炸現象，此現象之名稱為何？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-034",109,"BLEVE 的發生，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-034",108,"化學物質災害搶救程序 H.A.Z.M.A.T.中有關區域管制事項，下列敘述何者正確？",1785129966620]