[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-112-1-fire-science-026":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-112-1-火災學概要-026","fire-112-1-fire-science-026",112,1,26,"下列何種靜電災害預防措施旨在防止靜電蓄積，而與其他旨在減少靜電產生的措施有所不同？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"接地","選擇比電容率相近的材料","降低材料間的摩擦","儘量使用導電性材料","A",null,[],false,"本題考點：靜電災害防止對策的分類，要辨識「抑制靜電產生」與「防止靜電蓄積」兩類措施的差別。\n【正解理由】依靜電防止的基本原理，接地（grounding）是以低電阻路徑把導體上已經產生的電荷連續導入大地，使物體電位維持在接近零的狀態。它完全不改變摩擦、剝離、流動、噴出等帶電的產生過程，而是針對「電荷滯留在物體上累積成高電位、終至火花放電」這一段下手，屬防止蓄積的代表性措施。故選 A。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 接地提供電荷對大地的洩放路徑，使已生成的電荷來不及累積到足以放電的電位，正是防止蓄積的措施，為正解。\n(B) 選擇比電容率（介電常數）相近的材料，是依帶電序列使兩材料接觸分離時的電荷移轉量變小，著眼點在源頭產生量。\n(C) 降低材料間的摩擦，等於減少接觸分離的次數、面積與速度，同樣屬於減少靜電產生的手段。\n(D) 使用導電性材料是從材料選用端降低電阻率，讓電荷在生成的當下不易滯留於材料表面，仍屬材料面的對策，並非另外設置一條對大地的洩放路徑。\n【記憶點】接地是把「已經帶的電放掉」；換材料、少摩擦則是讓電「根本少產生」。","靜電火災要成立，必須四個環節接續完成：靜電產生（接觸分離、摩擦、流動、噴出、感應）、電荷蓄積、火花放電，以及火花能量超過現場可燃混合氣的最小著火能量。防制對策就是設法切斷其中任一環節，而各項措施分別掛在不同環節上，考試最常考的正是「這個措施在切哪一段」。\n切在產生端的做法包括：選用帶電序列相近或比電容率相近的材料、降低摩擦與剝離的速度、限制易燃液體在管內的流速（一般以每秒一公尺量級為控制目標）、避免自由落下與噴濺式裝填。切在蓄積端的做法則是接地與搭接（bonding）、採用導電性或抗靜電材料與地板、提高作業環境相對濕度使表面形成導電水膜、以及以離子式除電器主動中和電荷。\n接地與搭接常被混為一談，兩者目的不同：接地是把導體連到大地使電位趨近於零；搭接是把兩個以上導體互相連接，消除彼此間的電位差以避免它們之間跳火，兩者常同時施作但切入點不同。另須注意接地只對導體有效，高電阻率的絕緣體表面電荷無法沿表面移動到接地點，所以塑膠布、乾燥粉體只能倚賴增濕、抗靜電劑或除電器處理，這也是粉體輸送作業靜電對策的重點。\n數值面可以記住量級：常見碳氫氣體的最小著火能量約在零點二至零點三毫焦耳，氫氣僅約零點零一九毫焦耳，而人體帶電後放電的能量常達數十毫焦耳，遠高於前述門檻，說明人員的靜電控制與設備接地同等重要。本考點常延伸考帶電序列的排序、靜電放電型態（火花放電、刷形放電、傳播型刷形放電）與可燃性液體裝卸的靜電對策。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-025","對可燃性氣體而言，下列那一種特性或條件所衍生的燃燒或爆炸風險相對較高？",25,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-027","下列何種措施於室內發生火災時有助於防止或延緩閃燃的發生？",27,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-024","於空氣中加入氧氣會改變空氣組成，進而影響可燃性氣體的某些燃燒特性，下列何者所受的影響較為明顯？",24,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-028","下列那一種前期現象比較可能因後續的消防滅火或救援作為而引發複燃？",28,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-023","在最小發火壓力以上，可燃性氣體的最小發火能量，會隨著下列那一種條件改變而下降？",23,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-029","有關重油油槽發生火災時可能產生的大規模沸溢（boilover）現象，下列敘述何者錯誤？",29,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-026",113,"有關燃燒上下限之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-026",111,"一公克水完全汽化成水蒸氣，溫度 327℃水蒸氣體積為 V1，溫度 727℃水蒸氣體積為 V2，則 V2\u002FV1 值？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-026",110,"易燃性氣體受到壓縮後溫度會有升高的狀況發生，可能會發火導致火災的發生，此現象為何？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-026",109,"閃燃發生時間之影響因素中，通風為其中之一項，請問：A0(H0)1\u002F2 的通風因子公式中，A0 與 H0 各代表何意？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-026",108,"乙炔加壓後容易產生分解爆炸，為避免此現象，乙炔鋼瓶常利用浸泡何種溶劑之多孔性物質，使乙炔溶解於其中，防止分解爆炸？",1785129966570]