[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-112-1-fire-science-008":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-112-1-火災學概要-008","fire-112-1-fire-science-008",112,1,8,"赤磷和黃磷分屬我國法定公共危險物品那一類？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"第二類、第三類","第二類、第五類","第三類、第四類","均屬於第二類","A",null,[],false,"本題考點：我國公共危險物品六類分類體系中，赤磷與黃磷雖為同素異形體，卻分屬不同類別的判準。\n【正解理由】依我國公共危險物品分類，第二類為易燃固體，包含硫化磷、赤磷、硫、鐵粉、金屬粉、鎂等，特徵是受熱、摩擦或接觸火焰即易起火之固體；第三類為發火性液體、發火性固體及禁水性物質，包含鉀、鈉、烷基鋁、烷基鋰、黃磷等，特徵是暴露於空氣中即自行發火，或遇水產生可燃氣體。赤磷安定性高、發火溫度約 260℃,須加熱或摩擦才起火，屬第二類；黃磷發火溫度僅約 34～60℃,置於空氣中即自燃並須浸水貯存，屬第三類，故選 A。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 第二類、第三類：與赤磷為易燃固體、黃磷為發火性固體的分類完全相符，為本題應選者。\n(B) 第二類、第五類：第五類是自反應物質及有機過氧化物（硝化纖維、有機過氧化物等）,分子內自帶氧可自行分解，黃磷不具此特性。\n(C) 第三類、第四類：兩者順序與類別皆錯；赤磷是固體，不可能歸入第四類易燃液體（汽油、酒精類、動植物油類等）。\n(D) 均屬於第二類：忽略黃磷的自然發火性與禁水性，把危險性相差一個類別的同素異形體混為一類。\n【記憶點】赤磷第二類（易燃固體）、黃磷第三類（發火性固體）;同一元素，危險性差一級。","我國公共危險物品採六類分類，判準是危險特性而非化學族群：第一類氧化性固體（氯酸鹽類、過氯酸鹽類、無機過氧化物等）本身不燃但供氧；第二類易燃固體（硫化磷、赤磷、硫、鐵粉、金屬粉、鎂等）受熱或摩擦即易著火；第三類發火性液體、發火性固體及禁水性物質（鉀、鈉、烷基鋁、烷基鋰、黃磷等）暴露空氣中即自行發火，或遇水產生可燃氣體；第四類易燃液體以閃火點分為特殊易燃物與第一至第四石油類、酒精類、動植物油類；第五類自反應物質及有機過氧化物分子內自帶氧，可自行分解放熱；第六類氧化性液體（過氯酸、過氧化氫、硝酸等）為強氧化劑。\n赤磷與黃磷是同一元素的同素異形體，危險性卻相差一個類別。黃磷（白磷）為蠟狀固體，發火溫度僅約 34～60℃,置於空氣中即氧化自燃並生成五氧化二磷白煙，毒性高，貯存時浸於水中隔絕空氣，故列第三類發火性固體。赤磷為赤褐色粉末，呈聚合狀結構、安定性高，發火溫度約 260℃,須加熱、摩擦或與強氧化劑混合才起火，故列第二類易燃固體；火柴盒側面的摩擦劑即含赤磷。\n考點延伸有三個方向：一是同名不同類的比較題（赤磷與黃磷、硫與硫化磷、鎂與金屬粉）;二是滅火型態隨類別而異，黃磷可用水或土砂覆蓋以隔絕空氣，而鉀、鈉、烷基鋁遇水反應激烈，屬以乾砂或專用藥劑處理的對象；三是把類別與管制量、儲存場所的區分綁在一起命題。此外第二類的金屬粉與鎂是粉塵爆炸的常見主角，常與粉塵爆炸的粒徑、濃度、密閉條件合併出題；而黃磷因燃燒生成五氧化二磷、遇水氣形成磷酸而具腐蝕性與毒性，也常與燃燒生成物的毒性考點連結。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-007","高壓氣體之爆炸界限，通常較常壓下為廣，下列何者氣體之爆炸界限，會呈現加壓時上、下限初呈狹窄，但繼續加壓後又變廣的現象？",7,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-009","下列何者屬於我國法定公共危險物品中的易燃固體？",9,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-006","在標準狀態下，下列氣體中何者之爆炸範圍最廣？",6,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-010","依據 NFPA（美國防火協會）危險性物品標示，有關「反應性」的敘述，下列何者正確？",10,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-005","鄰二甲苯的閃火點為 157℃，若鄰二甲苯於 157℃時的飽和蒸氣壓為 2.0 mmHg，試求其燃燒下限為何？",5,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-011","氮（N2）雖可與氧化合，但不屬於可燃物，主要因素是下列何者？",11,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-114-1-fire-science-008",114,"有關災害搶救標準作業程序之敘述，何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-008",113,"第五類公共危險物品自反應物質（A 型及 B 型）及有機過氧化物（A 型及 B 型），在 GHS 標示的象徵符號為何？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-008",111,"空氣氧之重量占整體之 23%，故 1 公斤碳完全燃燒需要多少空氣？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-008",110,"根據美國防火協會危險物品標示規定，將危險類別記載於菱形方塊上，其中「有害健康毒性」以何種顏色表示？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-008",109,"1 度電為 1,000 瓦．小時（1 kWh），試問 1 度電約等同多少千卡（kcal）？",1785129966457]