[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":72},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-039":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-039","fire-111-1-fire-science-039",111,1,39,"撕下新購的電視機螢幕保護封膜時遭受靜電，其原因為下列何者？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"摩擦帶電","流動帶電","剝離帶電","撞擊帶電","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：靜電產生方式的分類辨識，考的是剝離帶電的情境判讀。\n【正解理由】兩種原本緊密貼合的不同介質，其界面會因電子親和力差異而形成電荷雙層；當兩者被快速分離時，界面上的正負電荷來不及經由接觸面中和或洩漏，分別殘留在兩個表面上，形成極高的電位差，此即剝離帶電。撕下電視機螢幕的保護封膜，正是把貼合於面板上的塑膠膜一次性迅速剝離，且塑膠膜與面板均屬絕緣體、電荷無處洩放，因此手部會感受到放電，故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 摩擦帶電是兩物體表面相互摩擦、反覆接觸與分離而帶電，如脫毛衣、皮帶在皮帶輪上運轉，本題為單次剝離而非持續摩擦。\n(B) 流動帶電發生於液體在管線內流動時，液體與管壁間的電荷雙層被流體帶走而積聚，油品輸送與灌裝作業為典型情形。\n(C) 正確。貼合面被快速分離導致電荷來不及中和而殘留於兩表面，即為剝離帶電。\n(D) 撞擊帶電是粉粒體或液滴撞擊固體面後彈開分離所產生，如粉體輸送或噴出作業，與本題撕膜情境不同。\n【記憶點】撕膜、撕膠帶就是剝離帶電；摩擦要來回擦，流動看管中液，撞擊看粒子打。","靜電是火災學電氣類的固定考點，命題方式幾乎都是給生活或工業情境、問屬於哪一種帶電，因此把各種帶電方式與代表情境對應熟記最有效率。摩擦帶電來自兩物體表面反覆接觸與分離，如脫下毛衣、皮帶運轉、鞋底與地面摩擦；剝離帶電是原本緊密貼合的兩面被一次性快速分離，如撕膠帶、撕保護膜、撕開包裝薄膜；流動帶電發生在液體流經管線時，液體與管壁形成的電荷雙層被流體帶走，油品裝卸與過濾作業最為典型，流速愈快、管路愈長、液體導電度愈低則帶電愈嚴重；噴出帶電是加壓流體自噴嘴噴出時液滴或粉粒與噴口分離而帶電；撞擊帶電為粉粒體或液滴撞擊固體面後彈回分離所致；此外還有感應帶電，物體本身未接觸帶電體，僅因處於電場中而使電荷重新分布。\n靜電要釀成火災必須同時滿足三個條件：產生並累積足夠電荷、發生火花放電、且放電能量超過周圍可燃性混合氣的最小著火能量。碳氫化合物蒸氣的最小著火能量約在零點二五毫焦耳的量級，氫氣更低，因此人體帶電放電即足以引燃，這也是加油站要求灌裝中不得返回車內、並先觸摸靜電消除設施的理由。\n防制對策可歸納為四類：以接地與等電位連接提供電荷洩漏路徑、提高環境相對濕度使物體表面導電度上升、採用抗靜電材料或添加劑、以及降低作業速度與流速以減少電荷產生量。要注意導體只要接地即可洩放，絕緣體接地無效，必須從產生端與濕度著手，這是常被混淆的一點。\n延伸考點常把本題型與最小著火能量、爆炸範圍、可燃性混合氣三者合併命題，也會以濕度高低對靜電消散的影響作為單獨選項，冬季乾燥時靜電災害偏多即為此故。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-038","在長 10 m、寬 8 m、高 3 m 的居室燃燒 1 kg 的乳膠枕頭，其 Dm=0.65 m2\u002Fg，估算此火場出口標示燈能見度？",38,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-040","沾有油類之毛巾，集中堆置於塑膠籃而產生自然發火，其原因為下列何者？",40,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-037","存放乙醇倉庫發生火災，下列那一種泡沫滅火劑較適當？",37,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":12,"year":43,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-001","建築物火災造成人命傷亡的原因，主要是煙與有毒氣體，下列何者為防煙最好的方法？",112,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036","下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",36,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":43,"session":12},"fire-112-1-fire-science-002","下列何者屬於準自然發火性物質？",2,[53,57,60,64,68],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-039",113,"有關於液化石油氣之性質與事故發生之處置原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":43,"stem":59,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-039","假設定量乙醇(C2H5OH)與理論空氣量混合後產生完全燃燒，其後將燃燒廢氣冷卻至常溫，則其中二氧化碳的濃度約為多少%？",{"webId":61,"year":62,"stem":63,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-039",110,"某建築物內部的空氣溫度為 27 ℃，發生火災的房間溫度為 627 ℃，流入該起火房間的空氣體積流量為 4 m3\u002Fs，若忽略燃燒熱分解過程而產生的質量流率，請計算流出起火房間的煙霧體積流量約為多少？",{"webId":65,"year":66,"stem":67,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-039",109,"帶電物體或其附近之接地體，有突出部分或刃狀部分時，在該等前端近旁，所出現之微弱發光放電，此現象稱為？",{"webId":69,"year":70,"stem":71,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-039",108,"高壓氣體的爆炸界限，通常較常壓下為廣，爆炸上限也明顯提高，但下列何種氣體之爆炸範圍及爆炸上限在高壓下卻降低？",1785129966921]