[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-034","fire-111-1-fire-science-034",111,1,34,"下列何者非細水霧滅火系統的特性？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"兼具水系統與氣體滅火系統滅火特性","屬水系統滅火設備，易造成水損","可適用於 A、B、C 類火災","無毒性兼顧環保","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：細水霧滅火系統的特性辨識，問的是何者並非其特性。\n【正解理由】細水霧是以高壓將水霧化成粒徑極小的霧滴，其霧滴總表面積遠大於同體積的水柱或一般水滴，因此汽化極快、吸熱效率高，達成相同滅火效果所需水量僅為傳統水系統的一小部分，正是以省水、殘水少、水損小作為主要訴求，才會被用於機房、庫房、船舶機艙等不耐水損的場所。選項所稱「屬水系統滅火設備，易造成水損」，前半句正確但後半句與細水霧的核心特性相反，故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 敘述正確。細水霧一方面以汽化吸熱冷卻，另一方面水蒸氣膨脹排擠並稀釋燃燒區氧氣，兼具水系統與氣體系統兩種滅火特性。\n(B) 敘述錯誤，為本題應選者。細水霧用水量小、殘水少，水損遠低於一般撒水設備，省水正是其賣點。\n(C) 敘述正確。霧滴細小、不形成連續導電水柱且用水量低，對普通火災、油類火災與電氣火災均具適用性。\n(D) 敘述正確。滅火藥劑即為水，本身無毒性，對臭氧層無破壞亦不具溫室效應疑慮，環保特性明確。\n【記憶點】細水霧等於小水滴、大表面積、少用水，訴求就是不造成水損。","細水霧在近二十年成為替代海龍藥劑的重要選項，其滅火機制可拆成三個層次理解。第一是冷卻：霧滴粒徑愈小，單位體積的總表面積愈大，同樣一公升的水霧化為極細霧滴後，與熱氣體的接觸面積可放大數十倍，汽化吸熱速度隨之大增，而水的汽化潛熱每公斤約二千二百五十七千焦，是各種滅火藥劑中吸熱能力最突出者。第二是窒息：水汽化時體積膨脹約一千七百倍，霧滴在火焰區汽化後產生的水蒸氣會排擠並稀釋燃燒區氧氣，形成局部惰化效果，這正是它被形容為兼具氣體系統特性的由來。第三是阻隔輻射：細密霧場本身會吸收與散射火焰輻射熱，抑制對周邊可燃物的預熱與延燒。\n與傳統水系統的差異在於用水量與作用相。一般撒水設備以較大水滴穿透火羽流、直接濕潤可燃物表面為主，需要較大流量與壓力；細水霧則以充滿空間的霧場作用於氣相，流量小、殘水少，因此適用於電腦機房、電信機房、典藏庫房、船舶機艙與廚房排油煙管道等對水損敏感或需兼顧環保的場所。\n易混淆之處在於細水霧與國內設置標準所定的水霧滅火設備並不相同：後者是以放射區域與放水量規範的水系統設備，前者則以霧滴粒徑分布界定，兩者名稱相近而規格意義不同，答題時要看題幹問的是設備法規還是滅火原理。此外細水霧亦有其限制，對深層陰燃火災、遮蔽性強的火源效果有限，且高壓系統對配管材質與噴頭加工精度要求高，維護成本相對較高，這些限制常被拿來作反向命題的素材。\n延伸考點包括滅火四要素與各藥劑主機制的配對、水的比熱與汽化潛熱數值、以及氣體滅火藥劑退場後替代技術的比較。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-033","執行危害性化學品災害搶救指導原則（HAZMAT），下列有關區域管制（Zoning）敘述何者錯誤？",33,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-035","下列何者為乾粉最主要滅火原理？",35,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-032","下列何者非油槽火災發生沸溢或濺溢的主要因素？",32,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036","下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",36,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-031","常見消防機關宣導，使用延長線勿將其綑綁，以免引發火災，究其原因為何？",31,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-037","存放乙醇倉庫發生火災，下列那一種泡沫滅火劑較適當？",37,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-034",113,"有關熱傳導的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-034",112,"對於具有分解爆炸性質的可燃性氣體，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-034",110,"液體變化為氣體之物理現象中，若變化速度至為急速時，因能量在極短的時間內大量放出，即形成爆炸現象，此現象之名稱為何？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-034",109,"BLEVE 的發生，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-034",108,"化學物質災害搶救程序 H.A.Z.M.A.T.中有關區域管制事項，下列敘述何者正確？",1785129966889]