[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-033","fire-111-1-fire-science-033",111,1,33,"執行危害性化學品災害搶救指導原則（HAZMAT），下列有關區域管制（Zoning）敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"民眾、媒體記者應管制於冷區外","事故地點周圍可能遭受污染之區域，稱為熱區","暖區一般以黃色標示，主要功用為除污","從熱區搶救出來的傷者，為爭取時效，應直接送醫","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：危害性化學品災害搶救的三區管制劃設，以及傷患必須先除污再後送的流程。\n【正解理由】區域管制把現場由內而外劃為熱區、暖區與冷區：熱區是污染源及可能受污染的範圍，以紅色標示，僅著適當防護裝備者可進入；暖區以黃色標示，位於熱區與冷區之間，功能是人員與裝備的除污走廊；冷區以綠色標示，為指揮、待命與醫療後送區。自熱區救出的傷者身上仍附著化學品，若未經暖區除污即直接送醫，污染會依序擴散至擔架、救護車與急診檢傷區，造成二次污染並使醫療量能停擺，故正確流程是先除污再後送，即使傷勢危急也採邊救命邊除污，不得整段省略，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 敘述正確。民眾與媒體記者屬非任務人員，應管制於冷區之外，以免暴露於污染並妨礙救災動線。\n(B) 敘述正確。事故地點及周圍可能遭受污染的區域即為熱區，是危害程度最高的管制範圍。\n(C) 敘述正確。暖區以黃色標示，設置除污走廊，主要功用即為人員、衣物與裝備的除污。\n(D) 敘述錯誤，為本題應選者。爭取時效不能作為跳過除污的理由，直接送醫會把污染帶進救護體系。\n【記憶點】紅熱、黃暖、綠冷；出熱區必先過暖區除污，一步都不能跳。","危害性化學品災害的處置在火災學概要與搶救勤務中都會出現，記憶主軸可回到英文原名：熱區又稱管制區，暖區又稱污染減量區，冷區又稱支援區。三區以同心圓概念由內而外配置，並以紅、黃、綠三色標示，管制線出入口原則上只留一處以便人員清點與管制。除污走廊設於暖區，人員與裝備一律由熱區經暖區進入冷區，方向單向不逆流，這是避免二次污染的核心設計，也是本題選項所測驗的觀念。\n傷患處理的原則是救命優先但不可跳過除污。現場先施以緊急除污，例如脫除受污染的衣物本身即可移除大部分污染物，再視傷勢施行完整除污或簡易沖洗，並在後送前通知接收醫院預作防護準備。國內外都有未除污即送醫、導致急診室封閉與醫護人員中毒的實際案例，這正是本題把該選項設計成陷阱的原因。\n區域劃設的距離取決於危害物質特性、洩漏量與氣象條件，初期可參考危害物質緊急應變指南所列的隔離距離與防護行動距離，並遵守自上風、上坡、上游方向接近的原則。進入熱區的人員須著適當等級的防護裝備，A 級為氣密式全身防護並自攜呼吸器，B 級為非氣密但仍具供氣，C 級以濾毒罐取代供氣，D 級即一般工作服，等級選擇取決於物質毒性與濃度是否明確。\n另需注意三區並非劃定後即告固定，其範圍會隨風向、風速改變與洩漏量增減而動態調整，管制線也須隨之外推或內縮。延伸考點包含三區名稱與顏色的配對、除污方式的分類（稀釋、吸收、中和與隔離處置）、以及緊急應變指南的查閱流程；此外偵檢、辨識、管制、除污、處理的作業順序，也常以流程排序題的形式出現。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-032","下列何者非油槽火災發生沸溢或濺溢的主要因素？",32,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-034","下列何者非細水霧滅火系統的特性？",34,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-031","常見消防機關宣導，使用延長線勿將其綑綁，以免引發火災，究其原因為何？",31,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-035","下列何者為乾粉最主要滅火原理？",35,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-030","下列對高樓逃生通道設計原則的描述，何者錯誤？",30,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036","下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",36,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-033",113,"對於金屬鈉的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-033",112,"當防火門兩側的壓力差加倍時，其透過門縫所流出的氣體體積流率有何變化？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-033",110,"當一小爆炸發生時，其壓力波將全廠之粉塵揚起，再被隨後而至之燃燒引爆所引起之全廠性爆炸，此現象為何？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-033",109,"乙醇之燃燒化學反應式為下列何者？ 9 3",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-033",108,"電氣火災中，下列何者為積污導電現象？",1785129966883]