[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-020","fire-111-1-fire-science-020",111,1,20,"下列對於燃燒要素的敘述，何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"氧氣又稱助燃物，若氧氣濃度低於 15%，則燃燒難以持續","純度極高的焦碳或固形碳進行表面燃燒時，未發生連鎖反應","可燃物係指能與氧化合進行反應的物質，包括放熱反應及吸熱反應","熱能來源包括以火焰直接加熱、電熱能、機械能、斷熱壓縮等皆屬之","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：燃燒要素的定義，關鍵在「燃燒必為放熱的氧化反應」。\n【正解理由】燃燒的定義是可燃物與氧化劑作用，同時伴隨發光與放熱的快速氧化反應，放熱為不可或缺的要件；吸熱的氧化反應（如氮與氧化合生成一氧化氮）雖然也是與氧結合，卻須持續由外界供給能量、無法自行維持，並不構成燃燒，氮氣也因此不被視為可燃物。選項把可燃物的範圍擴及吸熱反應的物質，牴觸燃燒的定義，敘述錯誤，故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 一般可燃物在氧濃度降至約百分之十五以下即難以維持有焰燃燒，此為窒息滅火的理論基礎，敘述正確。\n(B) 高純度焦碳、木炭進行表面燃燒時無可燃氣體逸出，亦無氣相自由基的連鎖反應，屬燃燒三要素即可成立的型態，敘述正確。\n(C) 可燃物須為與氧化合並放出熱量者，吸熱反應之物質不屬可燃物，敘述錯誤，為本題應選者。\n(D) 火焰直接加熱屬化學熱能，電熱屬電氣熱能，摩擦與斷熱壓縮屬機械熱能，均為熱能來源，敘述正確。\n【記憶點】可燃物要「放熱」才算，吸熱的氧化反應不會燒起來。","燃燒要素的架構有三角形與四面體兩種說法，差別在於是否納入連鎖反應。有焰燃燒屬氣相反應，靠自由基不斷分支再生而維持，因此需要可燃物、助燃物、熱能與連鎖反應四要素，對應的滅火法為除去、窒息、冷卻與抑制；無焰的表面燃燒（焦碳、木炭、金屬）反應僅在固體表面進行，沒有氣相自由基連鎖，三要素即足以說明，這正是選項 B 的立論基礎，也是四面體理論的適用界線。\n可燃物的定義必須扣緊「放熱」。氧化反應與燃燒不能畫上等號：鐵生鏽是放熱的氧化反應但速度太慢、不發光，不算燃燒；氮與氧在高溫下化合生成一氧化氮則是吸熱反應，需要外界持續供能，一旦移除熱源立即停止，因此氮不是可燃物，這是選項 C 錯誤的核心。反過來說，助燃物也不限於空氣中的氧，氯酸鹽、過氧化物、硝酸鹽等含氧氧化劑同樣可提供氧，賽璐珞、硝化纖維等自我燃燒物質更是自身分子內即含氧，缺氧環境下仍能燃燒，窒息滅火因此對這類物質效果有限。\n氧濃度方面，一般可燃物維持有焰燃燒所需的氧濃度約在百分之十五上下，低於此值火焰難以持續，這是二氧化碳與惰性氣體類滅火設備稀釋氧氣的理論依據；但陰燃與表面燃燒所需的氧濃度更低，故窒息後仍須注意復燃。熱能來源的分類則可依化學熱能、電氣熱能、機械熱能、核熱能四類整理，選項 D 所列的火焰加熱、電熱、機械能、斷熱壓縮分別落在前三類。延伸考點包括滅火四法與四要素的對應、燃燒型態（擴散、預混、分解、蒸發、表面、自我燃燒）的辨識，以及乾粉與海龍替代藥劑的負觸媒抑制作用。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-019","有關火羽流及天花板噴射流的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",19,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-021","下列有關熱量傳遞的敘述，何者正確？",21,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-018","下列何者非電線走火之原因？",18,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-022","連棟式木造建築物引發火災，消防隊射水同時拆除未受火勢波及的房屋，請問其採取的滅火方法係下列何者？",22,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-017","有關閃燃（Flashover）與複燃（Backdraft）的敘述，何者錯誤？",17,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-023","建築物起火後，對於防止火焰由下層窗戶往上層延燒，下列敘述何者錯誤？",23,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-020",113,"依據「滅火器認可基準」對於火災分類之內容，下列物質燃燒時，何者屬於 A 類火災？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-020",112,"當物質進行完全氧化燃燒時，下列何者的理論空氣需求量最高？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-020",110,"某室內火場的煙層厚度為 1 公尺，若此時光學密度為 0.173，則該場域中避難反光指標之能見度為多少公尺？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-020",109,"某研究院之廠區引發爆燃事件之推進劑，其內含過氯酸鹽類，試問其為公共危險物品中第幾類物質？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-020",108,"下列何種滅火劑所含成分之一，於放射後有刺激呼吸之作用，可有效降低場內人員的窒息危害？",1785129966799]