[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-015":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-015","fire-111-1-fire-science-015",111,1,15,"下列發火源在理化現象歸類上，何者與其他不同類別？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"香煙","火星","靜電","線香","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：發火源依理化現象的分類，考的是化學熱能與電氣熱能的區辨。\n【正解理由】火災調查上將發火源依產生熱的物理化學機制分為化學熱能、電氣熱能、機械熱能與核熱能等類別。香煙與線香屬於自身進行無焰表面燃燒（陰燃）而持續蓄熱的熾熱體，火星則為燃燒後飛散的高溫微粒，三者的熱都來自燃燒的化學反應熱，同屬化學熱能中的裸火與熾熱體。靜電則是不同物質摩擦、剝離後電荷分離累積，於電位差達絕緣破壞時放電產生火花，其熱由電能轉換而來，屬電氣熱能，與其餘三者分屬不同類別，故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 香煙為無焰陰燃的熾熱體，燃燒中心可達數百度高溫，熱源為燃燒反應，屬化學熱能。\n(B) 火星為燃燒過程中飛散的高溫微粒，本質仍是持續燃燒的碎屑，屬化學熱能。\n(C) 靜電放電之熱能由累積電荷經絕緣破壞瞬間釋放而來，屬電氣熱能，與其餘三者不同類，為本題應選者。\n(D) 線香與香煙同為緩慢陰燃的熾熱體，靠自身氧化放熱維持，屬化學熱能。\n【記憶點】香煙、線香、火星都是「燒出來的熱」，只有靜電是「電出來的熱」。","發火源的分類是火災調查與火災學的共同基礎。化學熱能包含燃燒熱、分解熱、溶解熱、氧化蓄熱（自然發火）與微生物發酵熱；電氣熱能包含電阻熱（焦耳熱）、電弧、靜電、雷擊與感應加熱；機械熱能包含摩擦熱、撞擊火花與絕熱壓縮；核熱能則屬特殊情形。本題四個選項全是日常可見的火源，但只要問「這個熱是怎麼生出來的」，香煙、線香、火星都指向燃燒反應，靜電卻指向電荷分離，分類立判。\n靜電引火必須同時滿足三個階段：電荷的發生、電荷的蓄積、以及放電。電荷發生於摩擦、剝離、流動、噴出、攪拌等過程；蓄積則需要材料本身導電性低或未妥善接地，否則電荷隨生隨洩；放電則發生在電位差累積到擊穿周圍介質的程度時。放電能量可用 E＝½CV² 估算，其中 C 為電容、V 為電位差，能量雖僅毫焦耳等級，卻常已超過可燃性蒸氣的最小發火能量，這正是易燃液體灌裝、粉體輸送、乾燥環境作業被列為靜電高風險場合的原因。抑制手段的原理則對應這三階段：接地與導電化處理針對蓄積、增濕針對電荷洩放、限制流速與噴出速度針對發生。\n另一組值得整理的對照是有焰燃燒與無焰燃燒。香煙、線香屬陰燃，反應在固體表面進行、無氣相火焰、溫度較低但可持續數十分鐘至數小時，因此常成為棉被、木屑、垃圾堆的引火源；火星則是短時間高溫但熱容量小，能否引火取決於落點可燃物是否細碎乾燥。延伸考點包括自然發火的氧化蓄熱機制、最小發火能量與爆炸範圍的關係，以及火災原因判定時如何由發火源類別回推起火處所。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-014","普通木造建築物旁欲蓋 9 公尺高之建築物，其延燒係數為 3 級（係數為 0.15），其防火間隔應保持多少公尺？",14,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-016","比較積污導電與金原現象之差異，下列何者錯誤？",16,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-013","高層建築物火災特性下列何者錯誤？",13,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-017","有關閃燃（Flashover）與複燃（Backdraft）的敘述，何者錯誤？",17,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-012","密閉空間燃燒中天花板會向地面放射大量輻射熱促進地面可燃物燃燒速度，此現象為何？",12,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-018","下列何者非電線走火之原因？",18,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-015",113,"有關天然氣與液化石油氣之比較，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-015",112,"在煙控系統設計中，兩開口面積均為 1.0 m2，相互串聯後，其等效流動面積為何？（ 2 = 1.414 ）",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-015",110,"下列有關液化天然氣（LNG）與液化石油氣（LPG）之比較，何者正確？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-015",109,"下列海龍替代滅火藥劑，何者之化學組成為五氟乙烷？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-015",108,"下列何種現象對於局部電阻所產生的效應恰與其他三者相反？",1785129966775]