[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-110-1-fire-science-035":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-110-1-火災學概要-035","fire-110-1-fire-science-035",110,1,35,"面對廚房油鍋起火燃燒，下列何項應對動作的風險最大？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"打電話通知消防隊","以濕布覆蓋","關閉瓦斯開關","以水澆灌降溫","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：食用油火災不得以水灌救的原理——水遇高溫油瞬間汽化造成噴濺。\n【正解理由】食用油的著火溫度約在攝氏三百五十度上下，油鍋起火時油溫遠高於水的沸點一百度。水的密度大於油，澆下後會沉入油層底部，在極短時間內全面汽化，體積膨脹約一千七百倍，膨脹的蒸氣把上層仍在燃燒的高溫油向上向外噴濺成細小油滴，油滴與空氣接觸面積驟增而瞬間擴大火勢，形成火球並造成大面積灼傷與延燒。四個選項中只有澆水會主動製造這種噴濺機制，風險最大，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 打電話通知消防隊並未接觸火源，不改變燃燒的任何條件，不產生附加風險。\n(B) 以濕布覆蓋屬窒息法，隔絕油面與空氣使燃燒缺氧而止；布上少量水分在表面即行汽化，不會沉入油層，風險遠低於直接澆水。\n(C) 關閉瓦斯開關是移除熱源，阻斷油溫繼續上升，屬於降低危險度的方向。\n(D) 風險最大，為本題應選者。水沉入高溫油底後瞬間汽化噴濺，使火勢在瞬間立體擴大。\n【記憶點】高溫油遇水必噴濺，油鍋火要「蓋」不要「澆」。","食用油火災在火災分類上有其特殊性。一般可燃性液體屬 B 類火災，但食用油因著火溫度高、又具再引燃傾向，國際上另立 K 類(廚房油脂火災)。關鍵溫度有三個：閃火點約在攝氏三百度上下、燃點略高、著火點約攝氏三百五十度，而水的沸點僅一百度，兩者相差約二百五十度，這個溫差正是噴濺的能量來源。\n噴濺現象在油類儲槽火災中另有兩個專有名詞。濺溢(slop over)指少量水灑在燃燒油面上，表層油因蒸氣膨脹而濺出；沸溢(boil over)則是重質油品長時間燃燒形成熱波向下傳遞，熱波接觸槽底水層時使水瞬間汽化，把整槽油向上噴出，規模遠大於前者。廚房油鍋澆水的機制與濺溢相同，只是尺度較小。\n滅火原理可整理成四路：冷卻、窒息、抑制連鎖反應與移除可燃物。濕布或鍋蓋走的是窒息路線，且因為離開火源後油溫仍高，覆蓋物須維持到油溫降至著火點以下才不致復燃；關閉燃氣屬於移除熱源;K 類滅火藥劑則採濕化學(碳酸鉀等鹼性水溶液),噴出後與油脂發生皂化反應，在油面形成皂化膜，兼具窒息與冷卻，且以細霧噴出而非柱狀水流，不會穿透油層。\n時間與溫度的線索也常入題：一般食用油持續加熱到自燃約需十餘分鐘，油溫超過發煙點後會先冒出白煙，這是最後的預警；此時油品已開始裂解出可燃蒸氣，即使移離火源，鍋體與油本身的蓄熱仍可能使溫度續升而自燃，這正是油鍋火災常在無人看顧的短短數分鐘內成形的原因。\n特別要分辨的是「水」與「水霧」:柱狀水流會穿入油層底部造成噴濺，細水霧則以微米級液滴在油面上方汽化吸熱並稀釋氧氣，兩者物理行為完全不同，不可因為都是水而混為一談。延伸考點常見於火災分類與適用滅火藥劑的配對題，以及復燃與再引燃的判斷。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-034","液體變化為氣體之物理現象中，若變化速度至為急速時，因能量在極短的時間內大量放出，即形成爆炸現象，此現象之名稱為何？",34,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-036","為防止靜電發生放電時引火造成火災，請問下列有關靜電災害之防止對策何者錯誤？",36,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-033","當一小爆炸發生時，其壓力波將全廠之粉塵揚起，再被隨後而至之燃燒引爆所引起之全廠性爆炸，此現象為何？",33,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-037","有關電氣火災防範對策中，電器設備之正確使用非常重要，在潮濕場所使用電器時，插頭應加裝何種裝置以防止感電發生？",37,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-032","有關爆炸性物質之特性，下列何者正確？",32,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-038","常見泡沫滅火藥劑含有界面活性劑成分，請問下列何者不是泡沫滅火藥劑滅火時界面活性劑的主要作用？",38,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-035",113,"某鑄造工廠因高溫鋁水洩漏，遇水引發爆炸，此為何種爆炸？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-035",112,"相較於氣體爆炸，一般的粉塵爆炸具有下列那種性質？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-035",111,"下列何者為乾粉最主要滅火原理？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-035",109,"有關引火性液體的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-035",108,"為避免液化石油氣儲槽因外圍起火燃燒，一時無法撲滅而發生 BLEVE 現象，可採取之防救策略下列何者正確？",1785129967145]