[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-110-1-fire-science-019":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-110-1-火災學概要-019","fire-110-1-fire-science-019",110,1,19,"當發生危害物質災害時，為降低對民眾及搶救人員的危害，應迅速劃定管制區域，下列區域何者一般以黃色標示？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"支援區","影響區","污染區","禁區","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：危害物質災害現場三級管制區的劃分方式與對應的顏色代碼。\n【正解理由】危害物質事故現場依污染程度與作業風險，由內而外劃為三個區域：最內側是禁區(熱區),以紅色標示，為污染源所在，僅具適當防護裝備者始得進入；中間是影響區(暖區),以黃色標示，為除污作業與人員器材進出的緩衝地帶，污染物可能被帶出而殘留於此；最外側是支援區(冷區),以綠色標示，設置指揮站、待命人員與後勤補給。黃色對應的正是中間的緩衝地帶，故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 支援區：位於最外側、原則上未受污染的安全區域，顏色代碼為綠色，不是黃色。\n(B) 影響區：即暖區、緩衝區，除污走廊設於此，以黃色標示，正確。\n(C) 污染區：並非三級管制區的正式區名；污染物集中之處對應的是紅色禁區，選項本身即不符分區用語。\n(D) 禁區：即熱區，污染最嚴重、危害最高，以紅色標示，顏色不符。\n【記憶點】紅禁區、黃影響、綠支援，由內而外像紅綠燈，由危險排到安全。","三級管制區的設計邏輯，是把「污染」限制在可控範圍內，並讓人員與器材只能循單一路徑進出。禁區(熱區)是污染源與立即危害生命健康濃度可能存在的範圍，進入者須著與物質特性相符的防護裝備，並採兩人一組、有備援人員在外的方式作業；影響區(暖區)存在的唯一理由是設置除污走廊，離開熱區的人員與器材必須在此完成脫除與洗消，否則污染會被帶進安全區，形成所謂的二次污染；支援區(冷區)則是指揮所、醫療檢傷、待命與媒體集結之處。\n\n區域大小並非固定值，判定上取決於物質的毒性與腐蝕性、洩漏量與洩漏速率、蒸氣密度、風速與風向、地形起伏，以及是否伴隨燃燒。原則上警戒圈設於上風、上坡處，並隨氣象條件變化而動態修正；夜間或風向不穩定時，警戒半徑通常放大。\n\n容易混淆的是名詞的多套講法：熱區、污染區、禁區其實指同一圈，暖區、緩衝區、除污區指中間圈，冷區、安全區、支援區指最外圈。考題若改問「除污作業於何區實施」,答案仍是中間的影響區，而非最外側；若問「指揮站設於何處」,則答支援區。顏色代碼與功能務必成對記憶，只背顏色而不記功能，遇到改問功能的題型就會失分。\n\n三區與防護裝備等級之間也存在對應關係：熱區依物質毒性可能要求 A 級全密封氣密式或 B 級供氣式防護，暖區從事除污者通常著 B 至 C 級，冷區則以一般消防衣或工作服為主。等級由高到低的差別在於呼吸防護與皮膚防護的密閉程度，而非衣物厚薄。人員除污的順序亦有定式：離開熱區者先在除污走廊完成粗除污、脫除裝備，再進行細除污與身體檢查，最後才進入冷區接受檢傷；器材與車輛同樣須經除污才得駛離，否則污染會被帶回原本安全的場所。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-018","根據「危害物質災害現場搶救標準作業程序」之規定，其首要工作為何？",18,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-020","某室內火場的煙層厚度為 1 公尺，若此時光學密度為 0.173，則該場域中避難反光指標之能見度為多少公尺？",20,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-017","下列惰性氣體類海龍替代滅火藥劑中，何者的比重小於 1？",17,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-021","下列物質在常溫時，何者的熱傳導係數（W\u002Fm∙K）較低？",21,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-016","市面上販售的 ABC 乾粉滅火器內充填的乾粉滅火藥劑主要成分為：",16,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-022","火災中所產生的輻射熱量與下列何者成正比？",22,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-019",113,"所謂通風控制燃燒，其燃燒速度受下列何因素決定？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-019",112,"建築物火災中，在所謂通風控制燃燒（Ventilation Controlled）情形下，可燃物燃燒速度主要受何因素決定？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-019",111,"有關火羽流及天花板噴射流的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-019",109,"若一物體的溫度為 327℃，輻射率（ Emissivity）為 0.1，已知史蒂芬–波茲曼常數為 5.67×10-8 W\u002Fm2k4，則其輻射強度（Emissive Power）約為多少？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-019",108,"下列何種滅火劑使用於金屬火災時，沒有「與金屬產生化學反應而衍生危害物質」的可能？",1785129967048]