[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-108-1-fire-science-026":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-108-1-火災學概要-026","fire-108-1-fire-science-026",108,1,26,"乙炔加壓後容易產生分解爆炸，為避免此現象，乙炔鋼瓶常利用浸泡何種溶劑之多孔性物質，使乙炔溶解於其中，防止分解爆炸？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"丙醇","甲醛","乙醇","丙酮","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：乙炔的分解爆炸特性，以及溶解乙炔鋼瓶「多孔性物質＋丙酮」的貯存原理。\n【正解理由】乙炔（C₂H₂）是含三鍵的吸熱化合物，分子本身蓄有能量，加壓、受熱或受衝擊時可在無氧狀態下自行分解為碳與氫並放出大量熱，形成分解爆炸，故不得以單純高壓方式充填。實際做法是在鋼瓶內填滿矽藻土等多孔性物質並浸潤丙酮，使乙炔溶解於丙酮中（常溫常壓下丙酮約可溶解 25 倍體積的乙炔），既降低游離乙炔的分壓，又以細小孔隙阻斷分解反應的連鎖傳播，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 丙醇：對乙炔的溶解度遠低於丙酮，且沸點較高、加壓時溶解與釋出的循環效率差，未用於乙炔鋼瓶。\n(B) 甲醛：常溫下為氣體（水溶液為福馬林），本身具反應性且易聚合，無法擔任穩定的溶解介質。\n(C) 乙醇：雖是常見溶劑，但對乙炔的溶解能力明顯不及丙酮，達不到高壓下安定貯存所需的溶解量。\n(D) 丙酮：對乙炔溶解度高，且可隨壓力升降反覆溶解與釋出，是溶解乙炔鋼瓶採用的標準溶劑，為正解。\n【記憶點】乙炔怕加壓分解，靠「多孔性物質＋丙酮」溶著存放。","乙炔的危險性來自它是吸熱化合物：生成熱為正值，分子內蓄積能量，即使沒有氧氣，只要壓力升高、受熱或受到衝擊，就可能分解為碳與氫並放出大量熱，形成不需助燃物的分解爆炸。這與一般可燃氣體必須與空氣混合才會爆炸的機制截然不同，也是乙炔不能以單純高壓氣體充填的根本原因。\n溶解乙炔鋼瓶的構造有三層防護邏輯：瓶內填滿矽藻土、木炭、石棉等多孔性物質，把氣室分割成無數細小空間，使分解反應的火焰無法在其中傳播（與滅焰間隙、金屬網防爆燈的原理相同）；多孔材再浸潤丙酮，丙酮在常溫常壓可溶解約 25 倍體積的乙炔，加壓至約 15 kgf\u002Fcm² 時溶解量可達數百倍，使游離乙炔的分壓維持在安全範圍；使用時降壓，乙炔便從丙酮中釋出，可反覆循環。\n其他必記特性：乙炔燃燒範圍極寬，約 2.5～100%，危險度極高；與銅、銀、汞接觸會生成乙炔銅等對衝擊極敏感的爆炸性金屬化合物，因此相關配件的含銅量受到限制；比重略小於空氣，洩漏後易上升積聚於天花板附近；工業級乙炔常帶大蒜味，來自磷化氫等雜質。\n易混淆對照：分解爆炸（乙炔、環氧乙烷、聯氨）不需助燃物；氧化爆炸須可燃物與氧化劑混合；粉塵爆炸則屬固體微粒懸浮後的氧化爆炸。延伸考點常把乙炔與液化石油氣的貯存方式對照，或問鋼瓶橫放搬運後為何須靜置再用——因丙酮可能流向瓶口而降低溶解能力。\n來源與用途也常入題：工業乙炔由碳化鈣（電石）與水反應生成，副產物為氫氧化鈣，故電石本身遇水即生成可燃氣體，屬禁水性物質；乙炔與氧混合燃燒的火焰溫度可達約 3000℃，是金屬切割、熔接的主要熱源，這也說明為何乙炔鋼瓶多與氧氣鋼瓶同場所使用，兩者的貯存分隔是常見的申論考點。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-025","木材受熱分解進而燃燒的過程中，當加熱到引火溫度時，可燃性氣體釋出量迅速增加，試問木材的引火溫度約為多少℃？",25,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-027","有關粉塵的最小發火能量，下列敘述何者正確？",27,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-024","下列有關燃燒上下限之敘述，何者錯誤？",24,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-028","火場中煙霧的成分複雜且多具毒性，火災時若吸入下列何種氣體，會妨礙細胞中氧化酵素之活性，造成細胞呼吸停止？",28,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-023","乙醇在閃火點時的飽和蒸汽壓為 25 mmHg，則乙醇在常壓下的燃燒下限約為何？",23,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-029","煙霧的流動為由高壓處往低壓處流，因此加壓造成壓力差可以有效控制煙霧流動。若於一安全梯間流入體積流率為 Q(m3\u002Fs)的空氣，形成 P 的壓力差，現欲將壓力差提高到 2P，則流入的空氣體積流率應為多少？",29,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-026",113,"有關燃燒上下限之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-026",112,"下列何種靜電災害預防措施旨在防止靜電蓄積，而與其他旨在減少靜電產生的措施有所不同？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-026",111,"一公克水完全汽化成水蒸氣，溫度 327℃水蒸氣體積為 V1，溫度 727℃水蒸氣體積為 V2，則 V2\u002FV1 值？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-026",110,"易燃性氣體受到壓縮後溫度會有升高的狀況發生，可能會發火導致火災的發生，此現象為何？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-026",109,"閃燃發生時間之影響因素中，通風為其中之一項，請問：A0(H0)1\u002F2 的通風因子公式中，A0 與 H0 各代表何意？",1785129967602]