[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-032","fire-107-1-fire-science-032",107,1,32,"下列何者並非防火區劃構件構造之性質？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"遮焰性","阻熱性","滅火性","遮煙性","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：防火區劃構件應具備的性能項目，考的是「區劃屬被動防火，不是滅火設備」。\n【正解理由】防火區劃的功能，是在一定時效內把火與煙侷限於起火區內，爭取避難與搶救時間，因此對牆、樓板、防火門窗等構件的要求集中在三種性能：遮焰性，受火時不得出現貫穿裂縫或讓火焰竄至背火面；阻熱性，背火面溫升不得超過限值，避免以輻射引燃鄰室可燃物；遮煙性，接縫與貫穿部的漏煙量受限，阻止煙流擴散。三者都屬被動防火性能，構件本身並不具備主動撲滅火勢的能力，滅火是滅火設備的工作，故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 是性能：遮焰性要求受火側的火焰與熱氣流不得穿透構件到達背火面。\n(B) 是性能：阻熱性以背火面溫升為判準，標準耐火試驗一般採平均溫升攝氏一百四十度、單點最高溫升攝氏一百八十度為門檻。\n(C) 非性能：滅火屬主動系統的功能，區劃構件只阻隔不撲滅，理由如上。\n(D) 是性能：遮煙性針對煙的擴散，以門縫氣密、貫穿部填塞與漏煙量檢核。\n【記憶點】區劃只做三件事——擋火、擋熱、擋煙，不做滅火。","防火區劃是被動防火的核心手段，思維與主動滅火系統完全不同：主動系統靠偵知與放射藥劑撲滅火勢，被動防火則靠構件在標準加熱曲線的高溫下維持完整性，把火限制在一定範圍內。耐火試驗以標準升溫曲線加熱試體，同時檢核三項判準——非受火面不得出現火焰或竄出可引燃棉墊的熱氣(遮焰性)、背火面溫升不得超過限值(阻熱性)、以及承載構件不得崩塌(承載能力);遮煙性則另以漏煙量或氣密性能檢核，對常時關閉型防火門特別重要。\n區劃的種類是常考的對照表：面積區劃以樓地板面積為準，將大空間切割成若干防護區；樓層區劃防止火勢沿樓層垂直擴大；用途區劃(異種用途區劃)把危險度不同的用途分隔，例如停車空間與住宿空間之間；垂直貫穿部區劃則處理樓梯、電梯昇降路、管道間等上下貫通空間，以及配管配線穿越區劃時的填塞。\n易混淆對照：防火區劃管的是火與熱，防煙區劃管的是煙的水平蓄積，兩者判準與構件不同，防煙垂壁屬後者；防火門的常時關閉型與隨時可自動關閉型也常被混為一談，後者平時開放、火災時由探測器連動關閉，一旦被雜物卡住，整個區劃即形同失效，是火場擴大的典型原因。\n區劃的價值最終落在時間軸上：構件依防火時效分級，時效愈長，代表在標準加熱條件下維持三項性能的時間愈久，爭取到的避難與搶救時間也愈多。實務火場中區劃失效的原因幾乎都不是構件本體不合格，而是開口部被破壞——防火門被墊住、貫穿部未填塞、管道間檢修口未關閉，火與煙就沿著這些破口跨越區劃，使原本的時效歸零。\n延伸考點：同一觀念會以「防火時效」「防火構造與耐火建築物之區別」「貫穿部填塞材料的目的」等形式命題，答題主軸都是同一句話：區劃提供的是時間，不是滅火。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-031","下列何者並非造成電氣火災的原因？",31,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-033","燃燒時若生成的熱與散失的熱保持平衡，燃燒溫度保持均勻之燃燒為下列何者？",33,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-030","固體燃料火焰延燒最快的方式為下列何者？",30,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-034","建築物火災發生後，若火勢由局部火災擴散至全面火災之短時間現象稱為？",34,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-029","下列何者並非學校實驗室火災之特性？",29,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-035","描述火勢大小之物理量為下列何者？",35,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-032",113,"可燃物在大氣中僅因受熱致使溫度升高而引發燃燒的最低溫度稱為：",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-032",112,"將大塊的木頭切碎為小片的木屑時，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-032",111,"下列何者非油槽火災發生沸溢或濺溢的主要因素？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-032",110,"有關爆炸性物質之特性，下列何者正確？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-032",109,"已知天花板噴流溫度攝氏 135℃，天花板噴流速度 1.8 m\u002Fs，環境初始溫度 20℃，感知撒水頭作動溫度攝氏 72℃，反應時間指數 67(m1\u002F2s1\u002F2)，感知撒水頭作動時間為下列何者？（提示： ln115=4.74, ln63=4.14）",1785129967895]