[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-106-1-fire-science-008":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-106-1-火災學概要-008","fire-106-1-fire-science-008",106,1,8,"硫磺固體之燃燒屬於下列何種燃燒型態？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"爆炸燃燒","分解燃燒","自己燃燒","蒸發燃燒","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：固體可燃物的燃燒型態分類，考的是硫磺受熱後先熔融汽化、再由蒸氣與氧在氣相中反應的行為，應歸入蒸發燃燒。\n【正解理由】固體燃燒依可燃蒸氣的產生方式分為蒸發燃燒、分解燃燒、表面燃燒與自己燃燒四型。蒸發燃燒指固體受熱後本身不發生化學分解，僅由熔融、昇華等物理變化直接產生蒸氣，蒸氣再與空氣中的氧在火焰區反應。硫磺熔點約 115℃、沸點約 445℃，受熱時先熔為液態再汽化，燃燒的是硫蒸氣而非固體本體，生成二氧化硫，屬純物理相變供給燃料，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 爆炸燃燒指可燃氣體或粉塵與空氣預先混合後瞬間反應、壓力急遽上升的型態，屬混合氣的燃燒速度分類，不是硫磺塊體受熱的常態燃燒型態。\n(B) 分解燃燒是固體受熱後高分子鏈裂解成小分子可燃氣體再燃燒，典型為木材、紙、合成樹脂；硫磺為單質元素，不存在裂解成其他可燃分子的過程。\n(C) 自己燃燒（內部燃燒）指分子結構中自帶氧原子、可不依賴空氣供氧而燃燒者，如硝化纖維素、賽璐珞；硫磺分子不含氧，須由空氣供氧。\n(D) 正確。硫磺與萘、樟腦、石蠟同屬受熱熔融或昇華後以蒸氣燃燒者，為蒸發燃燒的代表物質。\n【記憶點】不裂解、只變相，燒的是蒸氣——硫磺、萘、樟腦、石蠟一組記。","一、四種固體燃燒型態的完整對照：蒸發燃燒（硫磺、萘、樟腦、石蠟、瀝青）——受熱熔融或昇華產生蒸氣，火焰浮於固體上方；分解燃燒（木材、紙、布、塑膠、橡膠）——高分子受熱裂解為可燃氣體，同時殘留碳化物；表面燃燒（木炭、焦炭、金屬粉）——已無揮發成分，氧直接在固體表面反應，呈無焰赤熱狀；自己燃燒（硝化纖維素、賽璐珞、火藥類）——分子內含氧，隔絕空氣仍可燃燒，故窒息法無效。\n二、判別的思考順序：先問「分子內有沒有氧」，有則為自己燃燒；再問「受熱後有沒有化學裂解」，沒有裂解、只是熔融汽化則為蒸發燃燒；有裂解則為分解燃燒；若揮發成分已耗盡、只剩固定碳，則為表面燃燒。木材燃燒的完整歷程正好橫跨兩型——初期為分解燃燒，燒到後期成為木炭則轉為表面燃燒，這是常見的延伸考點。\n三、滅火對策的差異：蒸發燃燒與分解燃燒有明顯火焰，可用抑制連鎖反應的乾粉或海龍替代藥劑有效滅火；表面燃燒無火焰、無氣相連鎖反應，抑制法效果差，須以冷卻或窒息為主；自己燃燒因自帶氧源，窒息法無效，須大量水冷卻。這說明燃燒型態的判別並非純學理分類，而是滅火手段選擇的前提。\n四、硫磺的其他考點：硫磺在《公共危險物品及可燃性高壓氣體製造儲存處理場所設置標準暨安全管理辦法》中列為第二類公共危險物品之易燃固體，管制數量須留意；其燃燒生成的二氧化硫具強烈刺激性與腐蝕性，是硫磺火災的主要人命危害來源，火焰呈淡藍色、可見度低亦為其特徵。\n五、相關考點延伸：本題型常改問「下列何者非蒸發燃燒」或以萘、賽璐珞、木炭替換選項；亦常與燃燒的四要素（可燃物、助燃物、熱能、連鎖反應）及對應滅火法（除去、窒息、冷卻、抑制）合併命題。判題時只要抓住「硫磺是單質、受熱只熔不裂」這一句，即可穩定排除分解燃燒與自己燃燒兩個主要誘答。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-106-1-fire-science-007","請指出下列何種氣體的比重小於 1？",7,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-106-1-fire-science-009","燃燒之型態中，石油類之燃燒係屬下列何種型態燃燒？",9,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-106-1-fire-science-006","通常可燃性氣體或液體之分子每莫耳燃燒熱大於多少 kcal\u002Fmole？",6,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-106-1-fire-science-010","火災在燃燒可以持續之狀況下，有向四周無限擴大之特性。在不受其他因素之影響下，通常其燃燒面積與經過時間之關係為何？",10,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-106-1-fire-science-005","下列形成火災原因中，何者屬於硬體設備之因素？",5,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-106-1-fire-science-011","下列有關擴散火焰的敘述，何者正確？",11,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-114-1-fire-science-008",114,"有關災害搶救標準作業程序之敘述，何者正確？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-113-1-fire-science-008",113,"第五類公共危險物品自反應物質（A 型及 B 型）及有機過氧化物（A 型及 B 型），在 GHS 標示的象徵符號為何？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-112-1-fire-science-008",112,"赤磷和黃磷分屬我國法定公共危險物品那一類？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-008",111,"空氣氧之重量占整體之 23%，故 1 公斤碳完全燃燒需要多少空氣？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-008",110,"根據美國防火協會危險物品標示規定，將危險類別記載於菱形方塊上，其中「有害健康毒性」以何種顏色表示？",1785129967985]